Begin by preparing the dough with 3 cups + 3 tbsps (400g) bread flour, ⅔ cup (115g) semolina, 4 tbsps olive oil, 1 tsp salt, 1 × ¼-ounce (7g) fast-acting dried yeast, and 1¼ cups (300ml) warm water.
Mix all ingredients together to form a sticky dough, then knead on a floured surface for 4–5 minutes until the dough becomes smooth and elastic.
Transfer the dough to an oiled bowl, cover tightly with plastic wrap, and allow it to rise for 1–1½ hours until it has doubled in size. This resting period is indispensable for developing flavor and texture.
While the dough rises, prepare the topping by heating 1 tbsp olive oil in a pan and adding 2 large onions, sliced.
Cover and cook over low heat for about 20 minutes until the onions become completely soft and tender. Uncover the pan, increase the heat, and cook until any excess moisture evaporates and the onions turn golden brown. Stir in 1½ tsps balsamic vinegar, 1 tsp sugar, and 1 tsp fresh thyme leaves, then season with salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste. Allow the topping to cool completely before assembling the focaccia.
Once the dough has finished rising, punch it down and knead for a few minutes to release excess gas.
Roll the dough into a 16 × 11-inch rectangle and transfer it to a parchment-lined baking sheet. Spread the cooled onion and balsamic mixture evenly over the dough surface, then sprinkle with sea salt to finish. Follow your specific oven instructions for the final baking time and temperature to achieve a golden, crispy crust.